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1 Tree was published in this study

A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins
Kawahara. (2023). Nat Ecol Evol.
Plutella xylostella Grapholita dimorpha Allora major Hasora badra Hasora chromus chromus Bibasis sena Bibasis iluska Burara oedipodea Burara striata Bibasis amara Burara harisa Badamia exclamationis Choaspes benjaminii japonicus Pyrrhochalcia iphis Coeliades forestan Coeliades lucagus Tekliades ramanatek Emmelus purpurascens Porphyrogenes peterwegei Porphyrogenes passalus omphale Porphyrogenes calathana Salantoia eriopis Nicephellus nicephorus Salatis canalis Salatis salatis Bungalotis erythus Bungalotis astylos Bungalotis midas Sarmientoia browni Sarmientoia similis Euriphellus phraxanor Euriphellus euribates Dyscophellus porcius Aurina azines Phocides polybius Phocides pigmalion Pseudonascus paulliniae Marela tamyroides Nascus phocus Phareas coeleste Cephise aelius Telemiades avitus Polygonus leo Polygonus savigny Telemiades amphion Ectomis asine Ectomis cythna Ectomis teutas Ectomis octomaculata Ectomis pervivax Ectomis kanshul Ectomis labriaris Ectomis perniciosus Venada nevada Ridens mephitis Zestusa elwesi Zestusa dorus Lobocla nepos Lobocla liliana Codatractus alcaeus Codatractus cyledis Codatractus imalena Codatractus arizonensis Lobotractus valeriana Lobotractus cyda Zeutus zeutus Aguna asander Aguna claxon Aguna metophis Astraptes enotrus Narcosius parisi Narcosius colossus Spathilepia clonius Chioides albofasciatus Chioides vintra Chioides catillus Epargyreus clarus Epargyreus spanna Proteides mercurius Urbanus esmeraldus Urbanus evona Urbanus velinus Urbanus proteus Astraptes naxos Telegonus chalco Astraptes brevicauda Astraptes talus Telegonus apastus Telegonus hyster Autochton cellus Telegonus alector Telegonus anaphus Spicauda procne Cecropterus evenus Cecropterus toxeus Cecropterus doryssus Cecropterus albociliatus Cecropterus bathyllus Autochton pseudocellus Cecropterus confusis Cecropterus casica Cecropterus lyciades Cecropterus dorantes Cecropterus zarex Autochton oryx Autochton itylus Autochton potrillo Autochton bipunctatus Marela tamyris Nerula fibrena Oechydrus chersis Cogia hippalus Cogia calchas Cogia hassan Typhedanus ampyx Oileides vulpinus Drephalys kidonoi Hyalothyrus neleus Hyalothyrus mimicus Phanus vitreus Phanus grandis Tarsoctenus corytus Augiades crinisus Entheus Udranomia kikkawai Udranomia eurus Udranomia orcinus Kobelana kobela Scopulifera nigropunctata Celaenorrhinus leucocera Celaenorrhinus patula Celaenorrhinus macrostictus Celaenorrhinus eligius Bettonula bettoni Sarangesa dasahara dasahara Eretis melania Pseudocoladenia festa Pseudocoladenia dan Aurivittia aurivittata Celaenorrhinus opalinus Apallaga homeyeri Alenia namaqua Satarupa nymphalis Satarupa gopala Capila phanaeus phanaeus Capila jayadeva Capila zennara Mooreana princeps Pintara pinwilli Coladenia vitrea Abraximorpha davidii davidii Netrobalane canopus Abantis ja Caprona pillaana Leucochitonea levubu Abantis tettensis Odontoptilum angulatum Seseria dohertyi salex Procampta rara Odina hieroglyphica Tagiades japetus atticus Tagiades gana Tagiades flesus Tagiades tethys Tagiades litigiosa Darpa pteria dealbata Calleagris jamesoni Tapena thwaitesi bornea Tapena vasava Gerosis bhagava Triskelionia tricerata Eagris sabadius Exometoeca nycteris Chaetocneme critomedia Chaetocneme helirius Netrocoryne repanda Passova nigrocephala Passova gellias Passova passova Myscelus epimachia Agara michaeli Agara belti Myscelus amystis Myscelus nobilis Granila paseas Aspitha aspitha Aspitha bassleri Aspitha agenoria Zonia zonia Azonax typhaon Ardaris sela Ardaris pityusa Ardaris porus Ardaris minthe Ardaris eximia Nosphistia zonara Mysoria barcastus Mysoria ambigua Mysoria catomelaena Mysoria sejanus Mysoria cosinga Mysoria xanthippe Mysoria galgala Mimoniades ocyalus Mimoniades versicolor Mimoniades nurscia Mimoniades fallax Jemadia hewitsonii Jemadia suekentonmiller Jemadia scomber Jemadia pseudognetus Jemadia hospita Yanguna thelersa Yanguna spatiosa spatiosa Yanguna cosyra Yanguna cometes Pyrrhopyge aziza lexos Pyrrhopyge zenodorus Pyrrhopyge phidias Pyrrhopyge sergius Pyrrhopyge telassa Pyrrhopyge crida Gunayan rhacia Gunayan rubricollis Creonpyge creon Apyrrothrix aesculapus Apyrrothrix mulleri Apyrrothrix maculosa Apyrrothrix araxes Apyrrothrix hygieia Apyrrothrix chalybea Jonaspyge jonas Microceris iphinous Elbella merops Microceris patrobas Microceris miodesmiata Elbella adonis Microceris variicolor Microceris viriditas Microceris scylla Elbella theseus Protelbella alburna Protelbella ruficauda Croniades pieria Parelbella machaon Parelbella ahira Parelbella polyzona Parelbella macleannani Oxynetra semihyalina Oxynetra confusa Oxynetra stangelandi Oxynetra hopfferi Oxynetra roscius Jera tricuspidata Spioniades abbreviata Spioniades artemides Doberes anticus Grais stigmaticus Morvina morvus Morvina fissimacula Cabirus procas Myrinia binoculus Myrinia myris Pseudodrephalys atinas Eracon paulinus Mimia chiapaensis Mimia phidyle Eracon sarahburnsae Eantis tosta Eantis thraso Eantis mithridates Eantis pallida Achlyodes busirus Aethilla lavochrea Zera Ouleus salvina Zera eboneus Quadrus cerialis Pythonides amaryllis Pythonides jovianus Gindanes brontinus Haemactis sanguinalis Paramimus stigma Paramimus scurra Charidia lucaria Atarnes sallei Milanion marciana Potamanaxas unifasciata Celotes nessus Trina geometrina Pyrgus scriptura Pyrgus malvae Pyrgus carthami Burnsius philetas Burnsius communis albescens Heliopetes domicella Heliopetes sublinea Heliopetes ericetorum Heliopetes nivella Carrhenes fuscescens Plumbago plumbago Paches loxus Timochreon satyrus Zopyrion sandace Anisochoria polysticta Anisochoria pedaliodina Canesia canescens Xenophanes tryxus Diaeus lacaena Diaeus ambata Onenses hyalophora Systasea zampa Antigonus erosus Cyclosemia anastomosis Cornuphallus problematica Cornuphallus albafascia Tiana niger Eantis platypterus Spialia orbifer Ernsta colotes Carcharodus alceae Muschampia lavatherae Muschampia proto Gomalia elma Windia windi Noctuana haematospila Noctuana noctua Bolla imbras Staphylus hayhurstii Staphylus ceos Hesperopsis alpheus Pholisora catullus Pholisora mejicanus Gorgopas trochilus Burca hispaniolae Polyctor polyctor Polyctor cleta Ocella monophthalma Sophista latifasciata Austinus heros Pellicia dimidiata Pellicia arina Mictris crispus caerula Nisoniades haywardi Viola minor Viuria herophile Conognathus platon Arteurotia tractipennis Clito Clito aberrans Ephyriades brunnea Ephyriades arcas Erynnis brizo Erynnis tages Gesta horatius Gesta gesta Theagenes dichrous Gorgythion beggina Gorgythion begga Chiothion asychis Chiothion georgina Camptopleura auxo Chiomara mithrax Timochares trifasciata Ebrietas infanda Ebrietas anacreon Cycloglypha thrasibulus Helias phalaenoides Helias cama Mylon illineatus Mylon lassia Festivia grippa Sostrata bifasciata nordica Sostrata bifasciata Echelatus sempiternus Potamanaxas melicertes Potamanaxas paralus Butleria paniscoides Butleria elwesi Butleria flavomaculatus Argopteron puelmae Argopteron aureipennis Heteropterus morpheus Leptalina unicolor Dalla costala Dalla cyprius Dalla mesoxantha Ladda eburones Dalla quadristriga Freemaniana rawlinsi Dardarina dardaris Piruna pirus Piruna aea Metisella metis Hovala pardalina Carterocephalus palaemon Oreisplanus munionga Hesperilla ornata Motasingha trimaculata Mesodina halyzia Herimosa albovenata Proeidosa polysema Croitana croites Antipodia atralba Antipodia chaostola Anisynta dominula Anisynta tillyardi Anisynta cynone Pasma tasmanica Dispar compacta Hewitsoniella migonitis Rachelia extrusa Trapezites petalia Trapezites symmomus Prada rothschildi Felicena dirpha Toxidia parvulus Toxidia xanthomera Toxidia crocea Signeta flammeata Toxidia peron Malaza fastuosus Barca bicolor Apostictopterus fuliginosus Arnetta verones Sebastonyma dolopia Thoressa masoni Pithauria stramineipennis Praethoressa varia Onryza siamica Halpe porus Baracus vittatus Lepella lepeletier Ampittia dioscorides Ampittia subvittatus Ampittia virgata Halpemorpha albipectus Prosopalpus debilis Aeromachus stigmata Creteus cyrina Ceratrichia nothus Ceratrichia phocion Ankola fan Pardaleodes edipus Pardaleodes incerta Herila herilus Meza meza Zenonia zeno Baoris farri farri Baoris oceia Pelopidas mathias Prusiana prusias Caltoris cormasa Caltoris sirius Borbo borbonica Borbo cinnara Gegenes pumilio Polytremis lubricans lubricans Brusa saxicola Iton semamora semamora Parnara guttata Parnara apostata apostata Carystoides escalantei Agathymus mariae Agathymus aryxna Megathymus ursus Megathymus yuccae Megathymus streckeri leussleri Stallingsia maculosus Talides sinois Molo mango Aroma aroma Tellona variegata Vertica verticalis Cobalus calvina Peba verames Argon lota Carystus phorcus Synale cynaxa Moeros moeros Thracides phidon Aides duma Carystina aurifer Dubiella dubius Ebusus ebusus Damas clavus Pyrrhopygopsis socrates Tromba tromba Justinia phaetusa Falga jeconia Methion melas Miltomiges cinnamomea Methionopsis ina Mnasinous patage Flaccilla aecas Turesis theste Synapte silius Synapte salenus Propapias sipariana Thargella evansi Adlerodea petrovna Mucia zygia Wahydra kenava Alychna victa Vinius letis Mnasitheus chrysophrys Tigasis arita Gallio carasta Moeris striga Punta punta Paracarystus hypargyra Onophas columbaria Tigasis simplex Joanna joanna Niconiades incomptus Niconiades xanthaphes Thoon modius Halotus rica Rhinthon cubana Rhinthon braesia Cynea cynea Cynea diluta Cynea cannae Gracilata quadrinotata Psoralis stacara Pamba boyaca Psoralis sabina Rigga hesia Misius misius Lento lento Virga austrinus Mnestheus ittona Ludens levina Enosis Lychnuchus celsus Eutychide physcella Dion gemmatus Venas evans Eprius veleda Sodalia sodalis Naevolus orius Artines rica Lucida lucia Panca subpunctuli Panca fiedleri Ginungagapus ranesus Eutocus Rufocumbre eberti Molla molla Pheraeus odilia Cumbre cumbre Lamponia lamponia Phanes abaris Mnasilus allubita Papias subcostulata Lerema compta Lerema accius Lerodea eufala Vehilius celeus Nastra julia Monca branca Vettius lafrenaye Cobalopsis miaba Cymaenes catarinae Cymaenes tripunctata Duroca duroca Parphorus storax Saturnus metonidia Cantha calva Callimormus radiola Amblyscirtes eos Amblyscirtes florus Mnasicles geta Mnasicles rita Racta chiria Choranthus haitensis Choranthus radians Pyrrhocalles antiqua Asbolis capucinus Corticea corticea Anthoptus insignis Anthoptus epictetus Zenis jebus Panoquina ocola ocola Panoquina lucas Panoquina panoquin Calpodes ethlius Calpodes esperi Thymelicus sylvestris Thymelicus lineola Oarisma aurantiaca Oarisma garita Apaustus gracilis Ancyloxypha numitor Adopaeoides prittwitzi Oxynthes corusca Orthos trinka Lindra brasus Propertius dejongi Chalcone briquenydan Hansa devergens Phemiades aligula Phemiades pohli Metron oropa Cyclosma Tirynthoides lotana Serdis viridicans Mnaseas bicolor Arotis derasa Papias trimacula Euphyes arpa Euphyes dion Pseudocopaeodes eunus Hesperia meskei Hesperia comma Atalopedes campestris Vernia verna Nyctelius nyctelius Conga zela Conga chydaea Hylephila phyleus Wallengrenia otho otho Wallengrenia premnas Pompeius pompeius Appia appia Polites vibex Parachoranthus magdalia Stinga morrisoni Lon zabulon Ochlodes sylvanoides omnigena Atrytonopsis hianna Atrytonopsis edwardsi Vacerra bonfilius Cobaloides argus Oligoria maculata Xeniades orchamus Thespieus macareus Thespieus dalman Paratrytone snowi Evansiella cordela Notamblyscirtes simius Atrytone arogos Atrytone byssus Zariaspes mys Anatrytone logan Quasimellana antipazina Librita librita Onespa gala Buzyges idothea Tirynthia conflua Decinea decinea Lycas argentea Orses cynisca Perichares adela Perichares lotus Lychnuchoides ozias Orphe vatinius Orphe gerasa Koruthaialos butleri Koruthaialos swinhoei Koruthaialos rubecula Psolos fuligo fuligo Ancistroides gemmifer Ancistroides longicornis Notocrypta curvifascia corinda Notocrypta feisthamelii Ancistroides folus Eetion elia Idmon distanti Isma bononia idyalis Isma protoclea Iambrix salsala Ploetzia amygdalis Pirdana hyela rudolphii Oerane microthyrus Suastus gremius gremius Salanoemia sala Plastingia naga Pyroneura derna Pseudokerana fulgur Pseudopirdana albicornis Ge geta Matapa aria Gangara thyrsis thyrsis Erionota thrax Erionota acroleuca Zela zeus optimus Lotongus calathus calathus Ilma irvina Unkana ambasa batara Scobura cephala Scobura isota Suada swerga Quedara monteithi monteithi Hyarotis adrastus praba Oriens gola pseudolus Banta banta Kobrona kobros Ocybadistes walkeri Ocybadistes flavovittata Potanthus omaha Suniana sunias Taractrocera maevius Taractrocera luzonensis Telicota augias augias Arrhenes dschilus Arrhenes marnas Sabera caesina Mimene celia Cephrenes augiades Tiacellia tiacellia Gretna cylinda Leona leonora Mopala orma Lissia luehderi Artitropa comus Artitropa erinnys Gamia buchholzi Gamia shelleyi Monza punctata Pteroteinon laufella Hidari irava Hidari bhawani Zophopetes cerymica Zophopetes dysmephila Flandria weberi Chondrolepis niveicornis Eogenes alcides Perrotia varians Fulda coroller Dotta callicles Isoteinon lamprospilus Astictopterus punctulata Xanthoneura obscurior Astictopterus jama Tsitana tsita Kedestes barberae Zographetus ogygia Noctulana noctula Melphinyet tarace Melphinyet flavina Gyrogra subnotata Gorgyra diversata Osphantes ogowena Parosmodes morantii Cupitha purreea Osmodes laronia Osmodes thora Rhabdomantis sosia Rhabdomantis galatia Andronymus neander Acada biseriata Teniorhinus harona Teniorhinus watsoni Acleros leucopyga Acleros ploetzi Paracleros biguttulus Fresna nyassae Fresna netopha Caenides hidaroides Paronymus xanthias Ceratricula semilutea Paronymus ligora Hypoleucis tripunctata Semalea pulvina Semalea vibius Hollandus xanthopeplus Caenides dacela Melphina statira Melphina melphis Platylesches picanini Chamunda chamunda Ortholexis drucei Katreus johnstonii Euschemon rafflesia Macrosoma tipulata Macrosoma hedylaria Macrosoma hyacinthina Macrosoma satellitiata Macrosoma rubedinaria Mechanitis lysimnia Mechanitis polymnia Sais rosalia Scada reckia Thyridia psidii Episcada sylvo Episcada salvinia Ceratinia neso Pteronymia aletta Dircenna jemina Callithomia lenea Heterosais nephele Mcclungia cymo Brevioleria arzalia Hypoleria lavinia Greta morgane Godyris duillia Pseudoscada erruca Pseudoscada timna Veladyris pardalis Oleria aquata Hypothyris euclea Hyalyris coeno Epityches eupompe Napeogenes rhezia Placidina euryanassa Pagyris cymothoe Ithomia drymo Ithomia patilla Patricia dercyllidas Methona themisto Eutresis hypereia Melinaea menophilus Olyras crathis Aeria eurimedia Tithorea tarricina Elzunia pavonii Ideopsis vitrea Ideopsis gaura Parantica sita Parantica aglea Miriamica weiskei Amauris niavius Danaus eresimus Danaus erippus Danaus plexippus Danaus gilippus Danaus chrysippus Danaus melanippus Tirumala limniace Euploea radamanthus Euploea phaenareta Idea leuconoe Idea idea Lycorea halia Anetia thirza Anetia briarea Tellervo assarica Tellervo hiero Tellervo zoilus Libytheana carinenta Libythea celtis Libythea lepita Euapatura mirza Sasakia charonda Euripus nyctelius Euripus robustus Hestina assimilis Hestina japonica Hestinalis nama Mimathyma chevana Apatura metis Sephisa chandra Mylothris agathina Helcyra hemina Helcyra chionippe Rohana parisatis Timelaea albescens Apaturopsis cleochares Herona marathus Chitoria chrysolora Asterocampa celtis Dilipa morgiana Thaleropis ionia Apaturina erminea Panacea procilla Batesia hypochlora Hamadryas amphinome Lucinia cadma sida Haematera pyrame Callicore astarte Mesotaenia vaninka Orophila diotima Perisama bomplandii Diaethria clymena Diaethria anna Catacore kolyma Paulogramma pyracmon Pyrrhogyra neaerea Pyrrhogyra otolais Epiphile orea Epiphile epimenes Peria lamis Temenis laothoe Asterope markii Nica flavilla Myscelia cyaniris Catonephele numilia Myscelia orsis Nessaea aglaura Eunica monima Eunica norica Sevenia amulia Biblis hyperia Ariadne actisanes Neptidopsis ophione Mesoxantha ethosea Byblia ilithyia Byblia anvatara Ariadne ariadne Eurytela dryope Laringa horsfieldii Mestra dorcas Archimestra teleboas Dynamine postverta Cybdelis phaesyla Cyrestis nivea Cyrestis acilia Chersonesia rahria Marpesia eleuchea Historis odius Smyrna blomfildia Tigridia acesta Colobura dirce Symbrenthia hippoclus Araschnia levana Nymphalis c-aureum Nymphalis c-album Nymphalis canace Nymphalis xanthomelas Nymphalis antiopa Nymphalis urticae Aglais io Antanartia delius Vanessa atalanta Vanessa tameamea Vanessa indica Hypanartia lethe Poladryas arachne Texola elada Microtia elva Dymasia dymas Chlosyne janais Melitaea cinxia Ortilia liriope Phystis simois Phyciodes cocyta Phyciodes tharos Tegosa claudina Janatella leucodesma Eresia polina Dagon pusillus Telenassa jana Castilia fulgora Anthanassa texana Atlantea perezi Antillea pelops Higginsius fasciata Gnathotriche exclamationis Euphydryas editha Doleschallia polibete Doleschallia bisaltide Kallimoides rumia Napeocles jucunda Siproeta epaphus Anartia jatrophae Metamorpha elissa Vanessula milca Junonia coenia Junonia natalica Yoma sabina Protogoniomorpha parhassus Protogoniomorpha anacardii Precis milonia Hypolimnas misippus Hypolimnas bolina Hypolimnas anthedon Kallima limborgii Kallima paralekta Catacroptera cloanthe Mallika jacksoni Rhinopalpa polynice Pycina zamba Stibochiona coresia Dichorragia nesimachus Pseudergolis avesta Amnosia decora Parthenos sylvia sylvina Limenitis elwesi Limenitis cottini Limenitis sulpitia Limenitis arthemis Limenitis sinensium Limenitis populi Adelpha mesentina Athyma lyncides Athyma perius Athyma lysanias Athyma abiasa Athyma sinope Athyma daraxa Parasarpa houlberti Moduza procris Neurosigma siva Auzakia danava Athyma magindana Lebadea martha Pseudacraea rubrobasalis Neptis heliodore Phaedyma columella Neptis sappho Pantoporia hordonia Pseudoneptis bugandensis Euptera fallax Pseudathyma sibyllina Evena crithea Abrota ganga Hamanumida daedalus Euryphura porphyrion Cynandra opis Euriphene amicia Aterica rabena Pseudargynnis hegemone Euthaliopsis aetion Bebearia sophus Euphaedra neophron Euphaedra cyparissa Euthalia telchinia Tanaecia godartii phlegethon Cynitia lepidea Bassarona teuta Lexias aeropa Euthalia lubentina Dophla evelina Euthalia nais Cymothoe lurida Harma theobene Bhagadatta austenia Kumothales inexpectata Cirrochroa orissa Cirrochroa aoris Algia satyrina Lachnoptera ayresii Vindula arsinoe Terinos terpander Terinos clarissa Cupha maeonides Cupha erymanthis Vagrans egista Phalanta eurytis Phalanta phalantha Euptoieta claudia Yramea cytheris Issoria baumanni Issoria lathonia Brenthis ino Brenthis daphne Fabriciana nerippe Argynnis aglaja Argynnis anadyomene Argynnis laodice Argynnis paphia Argynnis sagana Argynnis hyperbius Boloria erubescens Boloria pales Pardopsis punctatissima Cethosia biblis Cethosia cydippe Acraea horta Actinote tenebrosa Actinote abana Actinote neleus Podotricha euchroia Dryas iulia Dryadula phaetusa Philaethria dido Heliconius hermathena Heliconius erato Heliconius himera Heliconius sara Heliconius sapho Heliconius hewitsoni Heliconius eleuchia Heliconius charithonia Heliconius ricini Heliconius hortense Heliconius aoede Heliconius xanthocles Heliconius hierax Heliconius doris Heliconius hecuba flava Heliconius hecale felix Heliconius ethilla aerotome Heliconius pardalinus sergestus Heliconius elevatus bari Heliconius atthis Heliconius besckei Heliconius numata bicoloratus Heliconius ismenius Heliconius timareta timareta Heliconius heurippa Heliconius pachinus Heliconius cydno alithea Heliconius melpomene melpomene Heliconius wallacei Eueides isabella Dione juno Dione vanillae Calinaga brahma sudassana Bia actorion Dasyophthalma rusina Dynastor darius Blepolenis bassus Opsiphanes tamarindi Catoblepia xanthicles Selenophanes cassiope Brassolis sophorae Eryphanis automedon Caligo eurilochus Opoptera aorsa Aponarope sutor Morpho helenor Antirrhea philaretes Xanthotaenia busiris Ethope noirei Zethera pimplea Penthema adelma Callarge sagitta Neorina crishna Thaumantis diores Thauria lathyi Thauria aliris Amathusia phidippus Zeuxidia luxerii Amathuxidia amythaon Enispe euthymius Discophora celinde Discophora deo Allaemona prasopsuki Aemona amathusia Melanocyma faunula Faunis eumeus Taenaris schoenbergi Taenaris domitilla Faunis saifuliana Stichophthalma howqua Elymnias bammakoo Elymnias hypermnestra Elymnias nesaea Acrophtalmia leuce Acrophtalmia artemis Ragadia luzonia Ragadia makuta Acropolis thalia Sinonympha avinoffi Coenonympha pamphilus Oressinoma typhla Heteronympha merope Nesoxenica leprea Geitoneura klugii Argynnina cyrila Erycinidia gracilis Oreixenica lathoniella Paratisiphone lyrnessa Tisiphone abeona Lamprolenis nitida Hypocysta calypso Platypthima decolor Harsiesis hygea Harsiesis yolanthe Platypthima septentrionalis Argyronympha gracilipes Hipparchia senthes Berberia abdelkader Davidina armandi Oeneis norna Oeneis ridingsii Aulocera loha Aulocera brahminus Minois dryas Brintesia circe Kanetisa sp. kotzschi Arethusana arethusa Pseudochazara beroe Chazara briseis Chazara persephone Satyrus ferula Melanargia galathea Euptychia rubrofasciata Calisto obscura Atlanteuptychia ernestina Inbio hilara Paramacera xicaque Cyllopsis hedemanni Cyllopsis pyracmon Hermeuptychia hermes Hermeuptychia sosybius Chloreuptychia catharina Zischkaia pacarus Splendeuptychia itonis Splendeuptychia libitina Amphidecta calliomma Rareuptychia clio Pindis squamistriga Godartiana byses Godartiana luederwaldti Megeuptychia antonoe Pareuptychia lydia Pareuptychia ocirrhoe Pareuptychia hesionides Macrocissia iris Satyrotaygetis satyrina Euptychoides albofasciata Euptychoides sp. inani Neonympha helicta Neonympha areolatus Erichthodes antonina Optimandes eugenia Nhambikuara mima Splendeuptychia doxes Colombeia sp. nossis Paryphthimoides grimon Yphthimoides maepius Magneuptychia alcinoe Cissia myncea Cissia confusa Paryphthimoides brixius Paryphthimoides poltys Nubila gera Splendeuptychia ashna Magneuptychia analis Erichthodes narapa Capronnieria galesus Caeruleuptychia francisca Caeruleuptychia umbrosa Caeruleuptychia urania Magneuptychia libye Magneuptychia agnata Magneuptychia ocnus Cepheuptychia cephus Amiga arnaca Chloreuptychia chlorimene Chloreuptychia herseis Archeuptychia cluena Magneuptychia lea philippa Sepona punctata Pseudodebis puritana Pseudodebis valentina Taygetis virgilia Taygetis ypthima Taygetina kerea Taygetina oreba Taygetina banghaasi Harjesia blanda Posttaygetis penelea Forsterinaria necys Forsterinaria pronophila Parataygetis albinotata Yphthimoides celmis Yphthimoides borasta Yphthimoides pacta Carminda paeon Carminda umuarama Vanima labe Vanima palladia Cissia penelope Cissia eous Stegosatyrus periphas Cissia proba Cissia rubricata Graphita griphe Moneuptychia soter Euptychoides castrensis Pharneuptychia phares Pharneuptychia pharnabazos Megisto opalina Megisto cymela Coenyra hebe Physcaeneura panda Argestina waltoni Loxerebia saxicola Loxerebia delavayi Proterebia afra Callerebia annada Eugrumia herse Paralasa maracandica Paralasa kalinda Neocoenyra duplex Cassionympha cassius Melampias huebneri Pseudonympha trimenii Coenyropsis carcassoni Neita neita Stygionympha vigilans Strabena smithii Ypthima huebneri Ypthima sesara Ypthimomorpha itonia Ypthima baldus Maniola jurtina Maniola tithonus Maniola hyperantus Cercyonis oetus Cercyonis pegala Cercyonis naricina Cercyonis lycaon Erebia alini Erebia ligea Erebia epiphron Gyrocheilus patrobas Idioneurula erebioides Lymanopoda acraeida Manerebia undulata Tetraphlebia germainii Tetraphlebia leucoglene Nelia nemyroides Cosmosatyrus stelligera Pampasatyrus gyrtone Pampasatyrus edmondsii Argyrophorus argenteus Auca barrosi Cosmosatyrus leptoneuroides Neomaenas servilia Elina montrolii Neomaenas monachus limonias Steroma bega Steremnia umbracina Eretris porphyria Pedaliodes pomponia Pherepedaliodes pheretiades Altopedaliodes tena Steromapedaliodes albonotata Panyapedaliodes drymaea Parapedaliodes parepa Praepronophila emma Corderopedaliodes corderoi Praepedaliodes phanias Punapedaliodes albopunctata Eteona tisiphone Drucina leonata Druphila venerata Junea doraete Pronophila thelebe Pronophila unifasciata Oxeoschistus pronax Mygona irmina Lasiophila zapatoza Pseudomaniola gigas Daedalma dinias Corades medeba Corades enyo Devyatkinia unica Culapa tagala Culapa mnasicles Mycalesis francisca Bicyclus anynana Brakefieldia eliasis Bicyclus hewitsoni Brakefieldia decira Lohora dinon Kirinia epimenides Tatinga tibetana Chonala praeusta Lopinga dumetorum Lasiommata megera Lopinga deidamia Pararge aegeria Lethe dura Lethe rohria Lethe europa Ptychandra lorquinii Enodia anthedon Aphysoneura pigmentaria Ninguta schrenkii Rhaphicera dumicola Nosea hainanensis Orinoma damaris Neope bhadra Mandarinia regalis Erites medura Orsotriaena medus Zipaetis unipupillata Coelites nothis Pierella astyoche Haetera piera Pseudohaetera hypaesia Dulcedo polita Morphopsis albertisi Morphopsis biakensis Hyantis hodeva Aeropetes tulbaghia Tarsocera dicksoni Paralethe dendrophilus Torynesis mintha Dira clytus Dingana dingana Cyllogenes milleri Melanitis leda Bletogona mycalesis Gnophodes parmeno Manataria maculata Coenophlebia archidona Phantos callidryas Siderone galanthis Zaretis isidora Polygrapha cyanea Fountainea nessus Anaea troglodyta Memphis pithyusa Memphis lineata Polygrapha xenocrates Consul fabius Hypna clytemnestra Archaeoprepona demophon Archaeoprepona meander Prepona laertes Agrias claudina Prepona dexamenus Polyura eudamippus Charaxes zoolina Charaxes contrarius Charaxes brutus Charaxes jasius Charaxes bernardus Charaxes varanes Euxanthe eurinome Prothoe franck Agatasa calydonia Palla ussheri Anaeomorpha splendida Eurybia halimede Eurybia lycisca Eurybia nicaeus Teratophthalma phelina Eunogyra satyrus Hyphilaria nicia Ionotus alector Voltinia cebrenia Napaea eucharila Hyphilaria thasus Ithomiola nepos Hermathena oweni Perophthalma lasus Mesosemia nyctea Mesosemia philocles Mesosemia grandis Semomesia croesus Semomesia capanea Mesophthalma idotea Ectosemia steli Dianesia carteri Stalachtis halloweeni Stalachtis calliope Protonymphidia senta Zabuella tenellus Minotauros lampros Periplacis pretus Periplacis hebrus Livendula balista Pandemos pasiphae Dysmathia costalis Zelotaea phasma Hypophylla argenissa Sanguinea alcmaeon Methone cecilia Setabis buckleyi Thenpea penthea Juditha caucana Thisbe irenea Lemonias zygia Ariconias albinus Aricoris gauchoana Thisbe lycorias Synargis calyce Parvospila emylius Nymphidium caricae Nymphidium onaeum Mycastor nealces Catocyclotis sejuncta Catocyclotis aemulius Theope terambus Theope publius Theope virgilius Behemothia godmanii Pseudonymphidia agave Pachythone gigas Pachythone xanthe Machaya obstinata Apodemia chisosensis Apodemia zela Apodemia ares Apodemia duryi Apodemia hepburni Apodemia walkeri Apodemia murphyi Apodemia mormo Apodemia palmerii Apodemia hypoglauca Curvie emesia Emesis brimo Emesis temesa temesa Emesis furor Emesis lacrines Emesis heteroclita Emesis eurydice Emesis liodes Emesis lucinda Emesis neemias Emesis tegula Emesis cypria Emesis tenedia Emesis ocypore Emesis phyciodoides Sertania guttata Pheles heliconides Syrmatia nyx Parcella amarynthina Lasaia meris Lasaia agesilas Lasaia peninsularis Amphiselenis chama Charis anius Calephelis virginiensis Calephelis perditalis Calephelis nemesis Crocozona fasciata Crocozona pheretima Detritivora gynaea Detritivora matic Notheme erota Monethe albertus Siseme alectryo Themone pais Paraphthonia molione Brachyglenis esthema Panara jarbas Chorinea licursis Amarynthis meneria Ancyluris meliboeus Lyropteryx apollonia Lyropteryx bellona Rhetus dysonii Ithomeis aurantiaca Ithomeis aurantiaca coenoides Melanis pixe Isapis agyrtus Riodina lysippus Chalodeta lypera Exoplisia cadmeis Astraeodes areuta Baeotis zonata Metacharis victrix Chamaelimnas briola Caria mantinea Caria ino melicerta Dachetola azora Befrostia lalannei Sarota gamelia Sarota myrtea Anteros formosus Helicopis cupido Callistium cleadas Pirascca sagaris Pterographium sicora Panaropsis elegans Stichelia bocchoris Xynias lithosina Xenandra pelopia Symmachia rubina Comphotis eanes Phaenochitonia cingulus Chimastrum argentea Mesene phareus Mesene croceella Lucillella camissa Esthemopsis jesse Echenais thelephus Imelda mycea Calydna nicolayi Calydna sturnula Leucochimona icare Xanthosa xanthosa Echydna punctata Zemeros flegyas Dodona deodata Stiboges elodinia Hamearis lucina Styx infernalis Polycaena tamerlana Saribia perroti Abisara geza Abisara bifasciata Abisara kausambi Archigenes aita Abisara burnii Taxila haquinus Paralaxita orphna Laxita thuisto Praetaxila segecia Dicallaneura pulchra Euselasia uria Hades noctula Euselasia chrysippe Ogyris amaryllis Pseudodipsas eone Acrodipsas myrmecophila Paralucia pyrodiscus Lucia limbaria Titea sublutea Hypochrysops polycletus Philiris ilias Candalides albosericea Candalides xanthospilos Tomares ballus Bistonina biston Trichonis immaculata Calycopis cecrops Electrostrymon angerona Ziegleria syllis Badecla lanckena Ziegleria hesperitis Arzecla arza Ziegleria ceromia Camissecla camissa Arumecla galliena Lamprospilus collucia Ipidecla miadora Pseudolycaena marsyas Brangas sp. Robbins01 Atlides halesus Theritas mavors Theritas triquetra Arcas imperialis Evenus regalis Salazaria sala Johnsonita auda Rhamma commodus Penaincisalia atymnides Busbiina bosora Hypostrymon asa Marachina maraches Thestius epopea Temecla tema Nesiostrymon calchinia Paraspiculatus colombiensis Eumaeus minyas Eumaeus atala Theorema sapho Brevianta undulata Micandra tongida Micandra aegides Porthecla porthura Oenomaus ortygnus Oenomaus ambiguus Michaelus ira Olynthus essus Ignata levis Parrhasius polibetes Symbiopsis strenua Dicya iambe Allosmaitia myrtusa Enos thara Laothus barajo Laothus gibberosa Janthecla leea Contrafacia imma Kolana ligurina Cupathecla cupentus Paiwarria telemus Ministrymon leda Iaspis temesa Theclopsis lydus Celmia celmus Tmolus echion Aubergina alda Nicolaea cupa Strephonota strephon Strephonota elika Exorbaetta metanira Ostrinotes sophocles Terenthina terentia Siderus athymbra Gargina caninius Panthiades hebraeus Panthiades aeolus Arawacus aetolus Strymon melinus Rekoa meton Thereus orasus Ocaria ocrisia Magnastigma hirsuta Callophrys rubi Cyanophrys acaste Chalybs janias Thaeides theia Satyrium eximia Neolycaena tengstroemi Satyrium pruni Satyrium alcestis Erora quaderna Chlorostrymon simaethis Deudorix epijarbas Deudorix antalus Capys alpheus Artipe eryx Bindahara phocides Araotes lapithis Sinthusa privata Sithon nedymond Drina maneia Shizuyaozephyrus kyokoae Qinorapala qinlingana Rapala varuna Paradeudorix kafuensis Pilodeudorix violetta Wagimo signatus Chaetoprocta odata Araragi enthea Ravenna nivea Leucantigius atayalicus Yamamotozephyrus kwangtungensis Saigusaozephyrus atabyrius Antigius attilia Japonica saepestriata Austrozephyrus absolon Iwaseozephyrus bieti Iratsume orsedice Howarthia caelestis Hayashikeia courvoisieri Teratozephyrus arisanus Burmaozephyrus kothayaungi Euaspa milionia Arhopala japonica Hypaurotis fujisanus Hypaurotis orientalis Hypaurotis crysalus Hypaurotis grunus Thermozephyrus ataxus Hypaurotis smaragdinus Gonerilia seraphim Protantigius superans Artopoetes pryeri Laeosopis roboris Shaanxiana takashimai Coreana raphaelis Ussuriana stygiana Shirozua jonasi Thecla betulae Semanga superba Mota massyla Amblopala avidiena Zinaspa youngi Surendra quercetorum Drina donina Thaduka multicaudata Mahathala ameria Apporasa atkinsoni Flos apidanus Arhopala bazalus Arhopala muta Arhopala thamyras Neomyrina nivea Dapidodigma demeter Zesius chrysomallus Azanus ubaldus Azanus natalensis Azanus mirza Pseudonacaduba aethiops Petrelaea dana Una usta Orthomiella pontis Paraduba owgarra Ionolyce helicon Prosotas nora Jameela palmyra Erysichton lineata Nothodanis schaeffera Danis danis Nacaduba kurava Tartesa astarte Neolucia agricola Theclinesthes miskini Sahulana scintillata Pithecops corvus Perpheres perpheres Psychonotis caelius Thaumaina evena Thaumaina uranothauma Pistoria nigropunctata Caleta caleta Tarucus theophrastus Castalius rosimon Zintha hintza Tuxentius melaena Discolampa ethion Zizeeria knysna Zizeeria karsandra Pseudozizeeria maha Zizina otis Catopyrops ancyra Catochrysops strabo Epimastidia inops Euchrysops cnejus Oboronia punctata Lepidochrysops patricia Orachrysops niobe Megisba malaya Neopithecops zalmora Lycaenopsis haraldus Udara albocaerulea Udara dilecta Lestranicus transpectus Celarchus hermarchus Parelodina aroa Acytolepis puspa Plautella cossaea Callenya melaena Celatoxia marginata Ptox catreus Celastrina argiolus Sancterila prattorum Monodontides argioloides Oreolyce vardhana Eicochrysops eicotrochilus Jamides bochus Phlyaria cyara Uranothauma belcastroi Harpendyreus juno Lampides boeticus Cacyreus lingeus Leptotes cassius Cyclyrius webbianus Turanana endymion Micropsyche ariana Sinocupido lokiangensis Pseudophilotes vicrama Caerulea coeligena Phengaris nausithous Phengaris atroguttata Iolana iolas Shijimiaeoides divina Glaucopsyche lygdamus Praephilotes anthracias Philotes sonorensis Scolitantides orion Subsolanoides nagata Euphilotes leona Euphilotes enoptes Eldoradina cyanea Nabokovia faga Pseudolucia chilensis Pseudolucia parana Itylos titicaca Paralycaeides inconspicua Rueckbeilia fergana Plebejus emigdionis Agriades optilete Polyommatus cyane Rimisia miris Kretania psylorita Afarsia morgiana Albulina loewii Cyaniris semiargus Aricia agestis Alpherakya sarta Maurus vogelii Eumedonia eumedon Lysandra coridon Polyommatus icarus Neolysandra diana Pamiria chrysopis Patricius lucifer Plebejus argus Plebejus idas Plebejus melissa Plebejus anna Freyeria trochylus Echinargus isola Cyclargus ammon Cyclargus thomasi Pseudochrysops bornoi Chilades lajus Luthrodes cleotas Shijimia moorei Cupido comyntas Talicada nyseus Tongeia filicaudis Tongeia fischeri Zizula hylax Oraidium barberae Brephidium exilis Niphanda fusca Cupidopsis jobates Cupidopsis cissus Hypochlorosis ancharia Anthene larydas Monile gemmifera Anthene lusones Cupidesthes vidua Triclema rufoplagata Triclema nigeriae Remelana jangala Ancema ctesia Pseudotajuria donatana Leptomyrina gorgias Hypolycaena sipylus Hypolycaena phorbas Oxylides faunus Syrmoptera bonifacei Syrmoptera melanomitra Hemiolaus caeculus Amblypodia narada Iraota rochana Myrina silenus Matsutaroa iljai Purlisa giganteus Britomartis cleoboides Bullis buto Tajuria igolotiana Creon cleobis Maneca bhotea Pratapa deva Paruparo mamertina Charana mandarina Manto hypoleuca Thrix scopula Dacalana vidura Tajuria cippus Mantoides gama Rachana jalindra Sukidion inores Iolaus eurisus Iolaus bellina Etesiolaus catori Stugeta bowkeri Neocheritra amrita Jacoona anasuja Suasa lisides Eooxylides tharis Yasoda tripunctata Loxura atymnus Horaga onyx Rathinda amor Horaga lefebvrei Thamala marciana Drupadia ravindra Ahmetia achaja Ticherra acte Cheritrella truncipennis Ritra aurea Cheritra freja Catapaecilma major Catapaecilma elegans Acupicta bubases Jalmenus evagoras Pseudalmenus chlorinda barringtonensis Iophanus pyrrhias Tharsalea caspius Heliophorus epicles Melanolycaena altimontana Lycaena hippothoe Deramas livens Simiskina phalia Poritia sumatrae Poritia hewitsoni Cyaniriodes libna Hewitsonia intermedia Hewitsonia boisduvalii Hypophytala henleyi Neoepitola barombiensis Cephetola pinodes Powellana cottoni Batelusia zebra Geritola albomaculata Stempfferia carcassoni Epitola urania Cerautola ceraunia Deloneura ochrascens Tumerepedes flava Neaveia lamborni Aethiopana honorius Pseudoneaveia jacksoni Hewitola hewitsonioides Phytala elais Iridana perdita Teratoneura isabellae Tetrarhanis ilma Baliochila barnesi Congdonia duplex Teriomima subpunctata Kakumia ideoides Kakumia otlauga Parasiomera paradoxa Eresiomera isca Citrinophila erastus Pseuderesia eleaza Mimacraea darwinia Mimeresia libentina Mimeresia moyambina Argyrocheila undifera Toxochitona sankuru Eresina katangana Larinopoda eurema Liptena ferrymani Micropentila adelgitha Falcuna margarita Micropentila mukanirwai Epitolina dispar Obania subvariegata Durbaniopsis saga Durbaniella clarki Durbania amakosa Alaena amazoula Liptenara batesi Pentila tropicalis Pentila pauli Torbenia wojtusiaki Ornipholidotos paradoxa Ptelina carnuta Telipna acraea Cooksonia trimeni Aphnaeus orcas Trimenia argyroplaga Aloeides pierus Erikssonia acraeina Argyraspodes argyraspis Phasis pringlei Zeritis neriene Axiocerses harpax Pseudaletis agrippina Lipaphnaeus aderna Crudaria leroma Cigaritis trimeni Cigaritis somalina Cigaritis zohra Cigaritis takanonis Vansomerenia rogersi Chloroselas esmeralda Chloroselas pseudozeritis Chrysoritis oreas Megalopalpus angulosus Miletus symethus Logania malayica Allotinus unicolor Allotinus fallax Feniseca tarquinius Spalgis lemolea Spalgis epius Taraka hamada Lachnocnema bibulus Thestor protumnus Euliphyra hewitsoni Liphyra brassolis Aslauga marshalli Curetis tagalica Curetis bulis Curetis saronis Pseudopieris nehemia Lieinix nemesis Patia orise Enantia melite Enantia albania Dismorphia theucharila Moschoneura pinthous Leptidea juvernica Leptidea sinapis Leptidea reali Eurema mandarina Pyrisitia lisa Pyrisitia proterpia Teriocolias zelia Leucidia brephos Abaeis nicippe Abaeis mexicana Nathalis iole Prestonia clarki Kricogonia lyside Gandaca harina Dercas verhuelli Dercas lycorias Gonepteryx rhamni Catopsilia scylla Anteos maerula Colias croceus Colias hyale Zerene cesonia Phoebis sennae Phoebis argante Phoebis agarithe Rhabdodryas trite Phoebis statira Aphrissa boisduvalii Pseudopontia zambezi Pseudopontia paradoxa Nepheronia pharis Pareronia jobaea Pareronia valeria Hebomoia glaucippe Anthocharis belia Anthocharis cardamines Euchloe ausonides Euchloe ausonia Eroessa chiliensis Hesperocharis hirlanda Hesperocharis marchalii Zegris eupheme Mathania aureomaculata Elodina padusa Appias drusilla Appias libythea Appias lasti Appias aegis cynis Appias paulina Saletara liberia Aoa affinis Belenois calypso Belenois subeida Belenois creona Belenois java Dixeia doxo Dixeia charina Leuciacria acuta Delias henningia Delias pasithoe Delias oraia Mylothris chloris Melete lycimnia Melete leucanthe Pereute leucodrosime Pereute callinice Leodonta tellane Leodonta dysoni Eucheira socialis Neophasia menapia Catasticta teutamis Catasticta nimbice Archonias brassolis Charonias eurytele Aporia agathon Aporia crataegi Prioneris thestylis Cepora nerissa Tatochila autodice Hypsochila wagenknechti Infraphulia ilyodes Phulia nymphula Pierphulia rosea Ganyra phaloe Glennia pylotis Ganyra josephina Ascia monuste Perrhybris pamela Itaballia pandosia Pieriballia viardi Leptophobia eleone Pontia daplidice Reliquia santamarta Baltia sikkima Pontia shawii Pontia beckerii Pieris brassicae Pieris napi Pieris rapae Talbotia naganum Leptosia alcesta Eronia cleodora Ixias venilia Ixias pyrene Afrodryas leda Colotis evagore Colotis amata Gideona lucasi Teracolus subfasciatus Pinacopteryx eriphia Baronia brevicornis Sericinus montela Zerynthia polyxena Allancastria cerisyi Bhutanitis pulchristriata Bhutanitis thaidina Luehdorfia japonica Luehdorfia puziloi Archon apollinus Parnassius imperator regulus Parnassius apollo Parnassius smintheus Parnassius honrathi Parnassius orleans Hypermnestra helios Pharmacophagus antenor Byasa alcinous Atrophaneura semperi Atrophaneura dixoni Pachliopta kotzebuea Pachliopta aristolochiae Losaria neptunus creber Losaria coon Cressida cressida Euryades corethrus Parides agavus Parides photinus Parides eurimedes Trogonoptera brookiana Ornithoptera richmondia Troides rhadamantus Battus polydamas Battus belus Meandrusa lachinus Meandrusa sciron aribbas Papilio cresphontes Papilio thoas Papilio aristodemus Papilio clytia Papilio slateri Papilio troilus Papilio elwesi Papilio glaucus Papilio alexanor hazarajatica Papilio zelicaon Papilio polyxenes Papilio joanae Papilio machaon Papilio xuthus Papilio gigon Papilio polytes Papilio ambrax Papilio phestus Papilio protenor Papilio deiphobus Papilio memnon Papilio antimachus Teinopalpus imperialis Iphiclides podalirius Graphium androcles Graphium evemon Graphium agamemnon Graphium sarpedon Eurytides dolicaon deicoon Eurytides dioxippus Eurytides protesilaus protesilaus Eurytides philolaus Eurytides marcellus Eurytides xynias Eurytides lysithous rurik Lamproptera curius Lamproptera meges Axia margarita Tridrepana flava Helicoverpa zea Spodoptera frugiperda Lymantria dispar Actias luna Manduca sexta Biston betularia
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